具有裂纹损伤桩腿的海洋石油平台有限元分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

秦太验  柳春图 《海洋工程》2000,18(3):15-19

采用有限元分析方法和断裂力学方法,将含裂纹构件的裂纹以线弹簧处理,建立了带有裂纹损伤桩腿的等效梁和管单元的单元刚度矩阵的计算方法。对检验方法的正确性,使用该方法对几种损伤构件进行了强度计算,并与有限元细化网格计算结果和实验结果进行比较,最后将等效单元计算程序接入大型有限元程序ＳｕｐｅｒＳＡＰ,对受损后的平台整体结构进行了应力计算和强度分析。  相似文献   

岩石及类岩石材料的劈裂拉伸与直接拉伸强度     

余贤斌  王青蓉  宋战平  谢强 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):539-543

采用自行研制的岩石直接拉伸实验装置,对7种（组）岩石和2组混凝土试样进行了直接拉伸和劈裂法（巴西法）间接拉伸试验。试验结果表明,所有岩石和混凝土试样的劈裂拉伸强度SB均大于直接拉伸强度ST,比值SB/ST的范围,在1.06到1.97之间;直接拉伸强度的偏差系数,通常大于劈裂拉伸强度的偏差系数。根据Sundaram等人对圆盘劈裂试验试样内应力分布的有限元分析的结果,当岩石的拉伸弹模ET小于压缩弹模EC时,试样中实际的应力会与经典弹性力学公式所得结果（EC=ET时的情形）不同,需要进行修正。据此对有关岩石的劈裂拉伸强度进行了修正,并发现,在所试验的岩石中,虽然部分岩石的ET与EC的数值相差不大,其SB/ST比却最高。这说明,拉伸与压缩弹模的差别不是造成两种拉伸强度差别的唯一原因。  相似文献   

垃圾填埋场边坡上土工膜的拉力与位移分析   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

张鹏  王建华  陈锦剑 《岩土力学》2004,25(5):789-792

在垃圾填埋场中,土工膜通常放在填埋场的边坡上用来隔离有害物质以避免污染周围环境。土工膜上填埋垃圾和土层沿其长度将有剪应力作用,使得土工膜产生位移,内部承受拉力。为保证土工膜的安全使用,需要对土工膜的拉力与位移进行分析。以边坡材料的应力应变协调为基础,对土工膜下层与土接触面上的剪应力-位移关系采用双曲线模型,推导出微分控制方程,并利用有限差分法迭代求解控制方程得到土工膜位移与拉力的解。最后,对影响土工膜拉力和位移的重要参数进行了分析研究。  相似文献   

Changes over time in near-saturated hydraulic conductivity of peat soil following reclamation for agriculture     

Jari Hyväluoma  Mari Räty  Janne Kaseva  Riikka Keskinen 《水文研究》2020,34(2):237-243

Reclamation of peat bogs for agriculture changes the physical and chemical characteristics of the peat matrix, for example, drainage and tillage accelerate decomposition, altering peat porosity, pore size distribution, and hydraulic properties. This study investigated changes in near-saturated hydraulic conductivity over time after drainage of peat soil for agricultural use by conducting tension infiltrometer measurements in a mire that has been gradually drained and reclaimed for agriculture during the past 80 years (with fields drained 2, 12, 40, and 80 years before the measurements). At pore water pressure closest to saturation (pressure head −1 cm), hydraulic conductivity in the newest field was approximately nine times larger than that in the oldest field, and a decreasing trend with field age was observed. A similar (but weaker) trend was observed with −3 cm pressure head (approximately four times larger in the newest field in comparison to the oldest), but at −6 cm head, there were no significant differences. These results indicate that peat degradation reduces the amount of millimetre-sized pores in particular. They also indicate that changes in peat macroporosity continue for several decades before a new steady state is reached.  相似文献   

Variability of unsaturated Bromide fluxes as measured through a layered volcanic vadose zone in New Zealand          下载免费PDF全文

G. F. Barkle  Th Wöhling  R. Stenger 《水文研究》2014,28(25):6080-6097

The measured drainage fluxes through a layered volcanic vadose zone exhibited high spatial variability as a consequence of heterogeneous flow conditions. The drainage flux variability was quantified using automated equilibrium tension lysimeters, installed in close‐proximity and resulted in high variability in the Br masses recovered from a conservative tracer experiment. The primary cause of the heterogeneous flow was attributed to textural changes occurring at the interface between volcanic layers, resulting in development of funnel‐flow patterns, and further enhanced by the existence of hydrophobic conditions. The Br recoveries in individual automated equilibrium tension lysimeters were used to determine the corresponding variable sizes of the surface areas contributing drainage to the lysimeters. The tracer experiment confirmed the existence of unsaturated lateral transport occurring at the sloping interface of the coarse Taupo Ignimbrite material with the silty Palaeosol layer at approximately 4.2 m depth. This study demonstrates that measurements of both flux and solute concentrations at multiple locations are essential when heterogeneous flow is suspected to be present, to be able to determine reliable estimates of contaminant leaching through the vadose zone at the plot scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Peat depth as a control on Sphagnum moisture stress during seasonal drought     

Paul A. Moore  Benjamin D. Didemus  Alexander K. Furukawa  James M. Waddington 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14117

Peatlands are globally important long-term sinks of carbon, however there is concern that enhanced peat decomposition and moss moisture stress due to climate change mediated drought will reduce moss productivity making these ecosystems vulnerable to carbon loss and associated long-term degradation. Peatlands are resilient to summer drought moss stress because of negative ecohydrological feedbacks that generally maintain a wet peat surface, but where feedbacks may be contingent on peat depth. We tested this ‘survival of the deepest’ hypothesis by examining water table (WT) position, near-surface moisture content, and soil water tension in peatlands that differ in size, peat depth, and catchment area during a summer drought. All shallow sites (<40 cm depth) lost their WT (i.e., the groundwater well was dry) for considerable time during the drought period. Near-surface soil water tension increased dramatically at shallow sites following WT loss, increasing ~5–7.5× greater at shallow sites compared to deep sites (≥40 cm depth). During a mid-summer drought intensive field survey, we found that 60–67% of plots at shallow sites exceeded a 100 mb tension threshold used to infer moss water stress. Unlike the shallow sites, tension typically did not exceed this 100 mb threshold at the deep sites. Using species dependent water content – chlorophyll fluorescence thresholds and relations between volumetric water content and WT depth, Monte Carlo simulations suggest that moss had nearly twice the likelihood of being stressed at shallow sites (0.38 ± 0.24) compared to deep sites (0.22 ± 0.18). This study provides evidence that mosses in shallow peatland may be particularly vulnerable to warmer and drier climates in the future, but where species composition may play an important role. We argue that a critical ‘threshold’ peat depth specific for different hydrogeological and hydroclimatic regions can be used to assess what peatlands are especially vulnerable to climate change mediated drought.  相似文献   

Critical Top Tension for Static Equilibrium Configuration of A Steel Catenary Riser     

Chainarong ATHISAKUL  Karun KLAYCHAM  Somchai CHUCHEEPSAKUL 《海洋工程》2014,28(6):829-842

This paper aims to present the critical top tension for static equilibrium configurations of a steel catenary riser (SCR) by using the finite element method. The critical top tension is the minimum top tension that can maintain the equilibrium of the SCR. If the top tension is smaller than the critical value, the equilibrium of the SCR does not exist. If the top tension is larger than the critical value, there are two possible equilibrium configurations. These two configurations exhibit the nonlinear large displacement. The configuration with the smaller displacement is stable, while the one with larger displacement is unstable. The numerical results show that the increases in the riser’s vertical distances, horizontal offsets, riser’s weights, internal flow velocities, and current velocities increase the critical top tensions of the SCR. In addition, the parametric studies are also performed in order to investigate the limit states for the analysis and design of the SCR.  相似文献   

边坡工程中压力分散型锚索施工技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

袁波  吴国华  周富荣 《探矿工程》2011,38(10):70-73

压力分散型锚索是一种新型单孔复合锚固体系,其在同一锚索孔中设置多个单元锚索,各单元锚索具有各自不同的自由长度和锚固长度,并通过预先的补偿张拉,使锚索的集中拉力分成为多个较小且荷载数值相等的分散压力分别作用于各单元锚索的锚固段上。结合330国道K17＋440～695段路基边坡治理的工程实践,论述了压力分散型预应力锚索的施工工艺以及在施工及工程运行管理中应注意的一些要点。  相似文献   

强震作用下山体崩塌破坏有限元分析     

王来贵  刘学  李磊  黄润秋 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2011,22(1):27-31

基于汶川大地震下,山体边坡发生大规模塌滑等地质灾害的现状,为了深入研究山体在强震动力作用下进入非线性状态并开裂破坏的力学机理,通过理论研究从拉张破裂的角度对山体崩塌机制进行分析,并给出拉张判据。用有限元开发程序对山体边坡在强震动力作用下拉张破坏进行数值模拟,并与振动平台相似材料实验下的监测结果对比分析。表明,强震荷载激励下,岩石第一主（拉）应力极易达到其抗拉强度,则岩体优先发生拉张破裂。在强震动力作用过程中,拉张破裂不断积累,即在松动区的松散程度和松散范围不断增大,形成山体塌滑趋势。揭示了山体边坡从连续介质状态开始崩塌破裂的发生机制,为后续进行复杂的山体破坏力学研究提供依据。  相似文献   

一种新型波能发电装置的运动响应计算     

史宏达  刘栋  刘臻 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(10):111-116

为分析碟形越浪式波能发电装置初步设计方案的合理性和不足,应用三维势流理论和波浪的辐射-衍射理论,结合水动力分析软件AQWA,计算在规则波浪作用下装置浮体6个自由度上运动的响应幅值算子(RAOs),考虑不规则波浪、风、流载荷的共同作用,对装置在工作海况和恶劣海况下的运动响应进行数值模拟分析,得到其时间历程结果。结果表明:装置结构外形设计合理,装置在其锚链张力腿锚泊系统定位下,运动响应满足工作稳定性要求和安全性要求。  相似文献